Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects some individuals during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle, typically in the week or two before menstruation. PMDD is characterised by significant emotional and physical symptoms that can interfere with daily life.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Symptoms follow a cyclic pattern, usually manifesting the week before menstruation starts and continue through to a few days after it has begun. Symptoms last on average for six days and can be both physical and emotional.

A doctor will generally need a detailed calendar or diary of occurrence of symptoms in order to be able to diagnose PMDD.

Symptoms of PMDD include:

    1. Emotional Symptoms:
      • Severe mood swings
      • Irritability or anger
      • Depression or hopelessness
      • Anxiety or tension
      • Difficulty concentrating
    2. Physical Symptoms:
      • Fatigue
      • Sleep disturbances
      • Changes in appetite (cravings or overeating)
      • Headaches
      • Joint or muscle pain

HOW COMMON IS PMD?

PMDD affects 3-8% of menstruating women and affects up to 5% of women of childbearing age. It is experienced by women worldwide.

Bipolar depression, anxiety disorders, and other disorders such as seasonal affective disorder and major depressive disorder are more commonly found among PMDD sufferers than among the general population.

Symptoms that are found with mood disorders may be exacerbated during the premenstrual phase. Approximately 40% of people who present with symptoms are found to have a premenstrual exacerbation of a mood disorder, not PMDD.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER?

PMDD has historically been under treated and pinpointing potential causes of PMDD is still an active area of research.

While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed that PMDD may be an abnormal response to the hormone changes associated with the menstrual cycle. Timing of the occurrence of symptoms would appear to suggest that they are caused by hormonal fluctuations, but no significant differences in hormone levels have been found in tests of sufferers and non-sufferers of PMDD. People with PMDD may essentially be more sensitive to hormone fluctuations.

Studies show that PMDD is also linked with low levels of serotonin, a chemical that transmits nerve signals and is used by brain cells responsible for controlling mood, attention, sleep and pain. Serotonin levels change throughout the menstrual cycle and a decrease in serotonin may be caused by hormonal changes, leading to PMDD symptoms.

There may be a genetic component to PMDD and environmental stress may also be a significant contributing factor. There may be an association between PMDD and a history of traumatic stress.

Other factors may also have an influence, including:

  • Thyroid disorders
  • Excess weight
  • Lack of exercise
  • Abuse of alcohol or other substances

DIAGNOSIS

PMDD is diagnosed based on the presence of symptoms that occur consistently in the luteal phase and improve shortly after menstruation starts. It’s important for individuals to track their symptoms over a few menstrual cycles to establish a pattern and report same to their GP.

HELP FOR PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) can be challenging, but there are several strategies you can consider to manage symptoms:

  1. Lifestyle Changes:
    • Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins may help. Some people find relief by reducing caffeine, sugar, and alcohol.
    • Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve mood and reduce anxiety. Aim for at least 30 minutes most days.
    • Sleep: Prioritize good sleep hygiene to ensure you’re getting enough rest.
  2. Stress Management:
    • Mindfulness and Meditation: Techniques like yoga, deep breathing, or meditation can help reduce stress.
    • Support Networks: Talking to friends, family, or support groups can provide emotional relief.
  3. Therapy:
  4. Medication:
    • Antidepressants: Some people find relief with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
    • Hormonal Treatments: Birth control pills or hormonal therapy can help regulate or suppress hormonal fluctuations.
  5. Nutritional Supplements:
    • Some find relief with calcium, magnesium, or vitamin B6 supplements, but it’s best to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplements.
  6. Tracking Symptoms:
    • Keeping a diary of your symptoms and their severity can help you and your healthcare provider understand patterns and make informed decisions about treatment.

If you haven’t already, consider discussing your symptoms with a healthcare professional, such as your GP, who can guide you through treatment options tailored to your needs.

Let us help you. Here is how to get started.

At Brain Training Australia™ we offer Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Counselling as mentioned above, to help you identify and change negative thought patterns related to PMDD, and to support you in navigating lifestyle changes and stress management to support your symptoms .

Your first step is to get in contact with us.

For all new clients we offer a 15-minute introduction phone call/ discovery call with a dedicated member of our team.

The team at Brain Training Australia™ recognise the unique qualities of all our clients and will work closely with you to personalise your treatment plan so that you can achieve your goals of optimal mental processes.

We look forward to helping you live a much richer, happier and healthier life.